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In general, counseling psychology is the field of science that deals with assisting, guiding, directing and facilitating all those who are in trouble. Psychoanalysis basically involves two people, one who assists and the other who needs assistance. The former is called a counselor and the latter one is known as the patient.

The therapist has number of roles to play. At times, he may act as a teacher who guides, or a facilitator who provides optimal environment to others to facilitate growth and development. Psychoanalysis is not just the combination of a therapist and a patient rather it involves a relationship establishment between the two. In analysis psychology, there are number of approaches (Freudian, Experiential, Behavioral, Cognitive behavioral etc.) towards the counseling process. A counselor may choose any approach according to the needs and the problems faced by his client. He does not implement the Counseling Approach that is easier for him to apply but the one that fulfills the demands of clients’ problems. Counseling psychology highly considers the individuality of clients. There always exist differences in individuals and each individual is unique. So is the process for individuals. The basic underlining process is however same for all.

This involves four steps

Relationship establishment

Problem identification and evaluation

Planning towards problem solving

Solution and interpretation

Relationship establishment

Before the counselor can start off with finding a solution to the clients’ problem, it is very important that there exists a warm and caring relationship between the two. It is totally the counselors’ responsibility to make it work. The counselors’ ability to build a strong relationship depends upon his congruence.

Counselors’ congruence means his quality of being real, genuine and honest. Therapist should not pretend or fake his feelings and ideas about his clients. Unconditional positive regard is the other quality that a good therapist must have. This means accepting the client the way he is, without making any judgments.

Therapist respects the client regardless of his behavior or actions. Empathetic listening by therapist is also an essential of counseling process. Empathy means ‘feeling with the client’. This is different from sympathy in the way that sympathy leads to self pity which is a negative approach; whereas empathy means that the counselor can feel the clients’ condition and this serves as a source of satisfaction to the patient that there is someone who is experiencing the same feeling as he himself.

Problem identification and evaluation

After establishing a good relationship, therapist and the patient should together attempt to find out the problem which was faced by the patient. Here, majority of work is done by the client. The therapist just facilitates patient. After the problem is identified, the therapist would like to know that is it the real problem of the client. So, for this purpose he administers various psychological tests to evaluate his hypothesis.

Planning towards problem solving

Planning to solve clients’ problem is made according to the results of the tests. It is the patron who actively participates as the counseling process is towards the end.

Solution and interpretation

Gradually the analyst and the patron come up with the solution to the problem. The major role in this step of analysis is of patient. Once the solution is found then there is termination of process, but it is the patients’ choice to carry on or to stop the process. The patient can come to the analyst anytime he wants to.

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Anybody studying/have studied psychology?

I have an essay about Counselling Psychology with children and I’m finding it so hard and challenging. My questions are:
I have discussed Humanistic,Cognitive,Psychodynamic and behavioural approaches in full details but i’m finding it difficult to link it to a primary school setting.e.g how a teacher can adapt to different approaches with the children.
how can i evaluate the effectiveness of the approaches since i haven’t actually use it in practice?
2nd year Undergraduate student

Freedom to Learn Carl Rogers is about a person centred approach in schools.

There are also person centred cousellors in the school system who help with bullying and family issues.

I would say that the research shows that all approaches work equally well if the cousnellor professional has empathy and a capacity to relate well.

There is a current letter about this on the psychminded site

I would say personally that a person centred approach might be better for young minds in terms of it being gentler not pushy and longer – not time constrained – as a counsellor I sometimes worked with children and their attention span was small which meanss soemthing ten sessions only might be not a good idea .

I think to evaluate you have to look at all the possibilities that you can think of.

Think about yourself as a schoolchild with problems what would you have wanted?

I have a couple of friends who are school counsellors and they say that once trust is established a child works better than adults as they have a smaller defence system

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When it comes to the field of finance, there can be seen different kinds of debt relief methods through which the consumers can eliminate their debts. But, as the current market is full of fake products and companies, many people find it very difficult to locate reliable debt elimination methods. As a result, debt counseling has become very important and debt ridden consumers are advised to select their relief methods after getting enough information about them. Simply, walking towards a debt relief service at once is not considered as a wise option.

Even when it comes to the most popular relief methods such as debt settlement, debt counseling becomes much more important. As a matter of fact, there can be seen many fraudulent and irresponsible companies which try to charge massive upfront fees even before they actually settle the debts of their consumers. So, this has become a serious problem in the financial field.

At the same time, there can be seen some sources such as magazines, newspapers and CD ROMs which promise to guide the consumers to the correct path, but once the consumers pay for it, they cannot get the expected results. So, in every hand, free debt counseling and free debt relief advices are more important for the consumers.

In fact, there can be seen many ways through which you can gain free debt counseling. For instance, getting information regarding settlement companies or other relevant fields from your friends and colleagues can be considered as an informal way of gathering free debt advices. Apart from that, if you do a little research on the internet, you can sign up in a good debt relief network through which you can get information about many legitimate settlement companies in your area.

In addition, when we consider debt relief networks, it is evident that the consumers of such networks can easily gain professional debt counseling. At the same time, the consumers will also be able to locate the best settlement companies in their areas through these networks very easily. So, when it comes to free debt relief advices, you can gain a very good understanding about legitimate debt elimination strategies using the above methods.

Getting out of debt is not impossible but it will not happen over night. Consumers who are serious about debt relief need to be determined. If you have over $10 k in unsecured debt you should really consider debt settlement. Consumers can expect to realistically eliminate 60% of their unsecured debt with a settlement. To find the best performing debt settlement companies in your state use the following link:

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How can I find government founds for Marriage Counseling community services?

We are offering Marriage Counseling in curches, but would like to take it to the community level, and I understand there are goverment founds available to do this. How can I find them and get access to them?

The money is given as grants. You need a grant writer to submit the proper paperwork. Competition is stiff for this money

The Minnesota Model is described by McElrath in 1997 as being “inextricably interwoven with the program, practice and philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)”. The AA movement conferred the belief that alcoholism is a physical, mental and spiritual illness and developed the Twelve Steps, which outline a spiritual solution, and the concept of a fellowship where recovery can take place.

The Hazelden Foundation was established in 1949 as an environment in which respect, understanding and acceptance of the dignity of each patient was promoted. The belief developed that time spent in association with other alcoholics, talking with one another and sharing life experiences, was central to recovery. Alcoholism was conceptualized within the disease model as a complex, existential condition of “dis-ease”, which could be relieved by sharing experiences. Furthermore, there was a fundamental belief that addicts have an inherent ability to change their beliefs, attitudes and behaviors to restore health.

Two long-term treatment goals of the Minnesota Model are total abstinence from all mood-altering substances and an improved quality of life. Consistent with the philosophy of AA, the objectives for the individual are to grow in transcendental, spiritual awareness, to recognize personal choice and responsibility, and to develop peer relationships. The resources for recovery, then, lie primarily within the addict with treatment providing the opportunity to discover and use those resources and the therapeutic atmosphere conducive to change. This approach is by nature client-centered.

Much of the work done by clients toward achieving those goals is done within the context of group therapy. Engaging with counselors and members of the peer group, the alcoholic / addict is encouraged to develop meaningful relationship experiences and clarify feelings and definitions of reality. Success of the process is characterized by relief, peace, increased sense of self worth, acceptance by self and the group, and the existential restoration of meaning to life.

The success of the Minnesota Model stems from it addressing the fundamental existential issues of addiction. Common to AA, it is rooted in existential philosophy and incorporates a treatment philosophy and treatment approach that addresses the core issues of addiction. This existential philosophy allows for a caring, nurturing, client-centered environment where the Twelve Steps provide direction and patients suffering from addiction can find healing.

Patients with co-morbid mental health conditions receive concomitant treatment for both conditions within a co-therapy concept. A common mental health diagnosis among chemically dependent patients is borderline personality disorder (BPD), a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect along with impulsivity. About 40% of chemically dependent subjects are also diagnosed with BPD. Those with BPD seem especially prone to the use of substances in order to cope with unwanted affective states.

The frequent co-occurrence of addiction with other mental health problems is of relevance and importance to chemical dependency (CD) counseling. For example, patients with BPD are likely to evoke strong and often negative responses among CD professionals. There is a risk that patients presenting with symptoms of BPD may be negatively stereotyped and treated inappropriately. There may be the tendency for staff to describe the patient in vivid and dramatic terms that can set negative expectations even before the patient arrives on the treatment unit. There may be a tendency to react to self-harming or suicidal acts with horror and/or anger. The CD counselor needs to understand this behavior in the context of the patient’s underlying pain and distress and their inability to express or process those feelings. Counselors need to be educated to understand the etiology and manifestations of disorders such as BPD in order to appreciate the worldview of patients with dual disorders and enhance empathy and respect shown all patients.

Thus, while the Minnesota model has become recognized as the gold standard of chemical dependency residential care across North America, it has some inherent limitations. The disease concept, while introducing scientific rigor and a conceptual framework for conducting research and assigning treatment, is limited by the tendency to label clients as ’sick’, risking breeding stereotypical views and treatment approaches by clinical staff. Viewing the problem as being the ‘disease’ tends to shift the focus from the individual, manifested within the model by the tendancy to conduct group therapy to the relative exclusion of individual attention and therapy.

The next generation of addiction treatment must be more holistic in nature, addressing the whole person as an individual with a problem, rather vice versa. The potential for sterile, text book approaches to diagnosis and treatment must be tempered with compassion, accurate empathy, behavioral modification, growth of interpersonal relationships, and spiritual development. It is time to accept the advances and learning of the Minnesota model with gratitude, and move forward with a more humanistic and loving approach in a less clinical setting, such as a home setting that is warmer, safer, and more client focused and outcome oriented.

John Derry, B.Sc.Phm., M.A.
Founder and Director,
A Home Away Retreat Inc.

http://www.ahomeaway.org

Open Mind / Part 2

Margaret was an elderly patient ravaged by Alzheimer disease, which had left her unable to speak coherently and unresponsive to her environment. Music therapist Karen Wachholz picked up her guitar, sat next to Margaret, and began to sing My Wild Irish Rose, hoping to elicit eye contact from Margaret. As Karen sang, she noticed tears streaming down Margaret’s cheeks. Amazed by Margaret’s response, the music therapist discovered tears forming in her own eyes. Unexpectedly, Margaret looked at Karen and said, Do not cry, honey. It will be OK. For one amazing moment, the music broke through the haze of dementia, allowing Margaret once again to connect with her world.

Throughout history people have used music as a tool for healing. The Scriptures mention such an occasion: When King Saul was depressed and tormented by a spirit, David played his harp to bring Saul relief (1 Sam. 16:14- 23). Earlier this century, musicians went to hospitals to play for veterans suffering from physical and emotional trauma following World War II. These performances were discovered to have unexpected therapeutic benefits. As doctors and patients increasingly recognized the therapeutic value of music, there was a growing demand for hospital musicians and, thus, the need for formal training and curriculum development. This eventually led to what is now known as music therapy.

According to the American Music Therapy Association, music therapy is the prescribed use of music by a qualified person to effect positive changes in the psychological, physical, cognitive, or social functioning of individuals with health or educational problems.1 To become a music therapist, one must complete a bachelors degree at an accredited university and a six-month internship. Upon successful completion of a national certification exam, the individual is then eligible for certification. A music therapist works in a variety of settings, including hospitals, mental health care centers, rehabilitation facilities, schools, and nursing homes. Clients include individuals with physical handicaps, developmental disabilities, psychiatric illnesses, neurological Impairments, terminal illnesses, and sensory Impairments.

Music therapy is used as a tool to promote healthy psychological responses in patients by decreasing stress and anxiety, facilitating self-expression and creativity, and increasing feelings of self-worth. In my own experience as a music therapist working with developmentally disabled adults, I saw clients who did not respond well to other types of stimulation react positively to music therapy. One moderately retarded man, whose behavior outbursts frequently disrupted the unit, could be calmed by listening to his favorite songs.

Music moves people to respond physically (e.g., tapping ones toes to the rhythm). Researchers at Colorado State University’s Center for Biomedical Research in Music found that stroke patients who were given rhythmic musical cueing Improved their cadence, stride, and foot placement over a control group that did not receive the music cues.2 Music also stimulates physiological responses such as lower blood pressure and respiration rates, decreases pain reactions by increasing production of endorphins, increases stamina, induces sleep, and provides for appropriate release of energy.

Cognitive responses to music include promoting alertness and attention, facilitating both long-term and short-term memory, increasing orientation to the environment, facilitating word retrieval, increasing sensory usage, stimulating associations and Imagery, and activating and holding attention. Neurologist Oliver Sacks, who wrote Awakenings and The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, states, I regard music therapy as a tool of great power in many neurological disorders Parkinsons and Alzheimer because of its unique capacity to organize or reorganize cerebral function when it has been damaged. 3 Indeed, in some cases, stroke patients whose brain damage does not permit speech can often communicate by singing.

Music therapy promotes social responses by fostering interpersonal relationships and group cohesion, advancing social skills, enhancing verbal and nonverbal communication, and providing a healthy and nonthreatening outlet for emotional expression. In a study by Cassity at Southeast Louisiana State Hospital, group music therapy was found to increase peer acceptance and group cohesiveness of adult psychiatric patients over those who received non-musical group therapy.4 Music therapy can enhance other types of medical treatments by providing a relationship with a health care professional based on enjoyment rather than pain. This helps patients to view their prognosis more positively and cooperate with their treatments. Find A Therapist to get solutions to your problems.

Greater therapeutic effects can be elicited with live music than recorded music and, similarly, with music that is the clients preferred style. Keeping these factors in mind, music can be used in the counseling setting for many purposes. Music can be paired with progressive muscle relaxation techniques, guided Imagery, and/or biofeedback to promote relaxation. A counselor involved in group work can utilize music to stimulate discussion or act as a catalyst to encourage emotional expression. Although music can be brought into therapy in a variety of ways by mental health professionals, there is no substitute for a competent music therapist. While the therapeutic benefits of music are increasingly being confirmed, further research is needed. The profession continues to gain greater respect and acceptance in the health care field, as evidenced by the Health Care Financing Administration’s reimbursement for music therapy services under certain conditions. The collaboration of the National Association for Music Therapy and the American Association for Music Therapy in January of 1998 to form the American Music Therapy Association allows music therapists now to act and speak with unity.

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Advice to the Youth Muslim and Non-Muslim

Where Can I get Online Christian Youth Counseling? Is there any website for that? I would like to meet other c

I would like to meet other Christians online

Well, I think you can check this site: http://www.christianyouthonline.org

They have Christian Youth Counseling, Chat and Forums.

Christian Counseling Course – The Healing Of The Mind (Lesson 103) – Dr. Richard D. Dobbins

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Looking for Alternative or Special Schooling for a mild MR/Bi-Polar Teen.?

Have a 14 yr old daughter with mild MR/BiPolar. Public School has been a nightmare/tried Christian Schools, they are not equiped to give her one on one help and expensive. I cld home school but then she dosent get the peer socialization. I have thought about specialized schools but not sure where to turn. She is currently in a hospital receiving therapy and counseling (she enjoys it) due to the fact there is no one judging her and she can be herself and relax. I would like to get something set up for the beginning school year. Any help or guidence would be greatly appreciated. By the way we live in southern Arkansas.

If school has been a nightmare, I would suggest that you try homeschooling your daughter again.

Perhaps she can get the peer socialization through your church, community activities, park district classes, etc. If you want the support of your public school system, check online to see if your state has virtual/charter schools.

I hope this is helpful.

Christ the Victorious (基督得勝)

CSF SIUE Mosaic Walk for Life 2009

Contrary to popular opinion, and treatment program hype, people who try the AA/12 Step program are rarely successful. In fact, AA’s own research shows that, at best, only 5% find long term relief from alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, and alcoholism through “working the program.”

But are you one of the 5%?

Again, research has provided some answers.

Basically, AA and the 12 Steps work for three different types of people, types based on maturity.

The largest group who find success through the program are those who are emotionally arrested at the middle school level of development – the “Conformists” in Dr. Jane Loevinger’s (Washington University, St. Louis) measure and model of ego development.

That’s not surprising, given conformists’ love of fitting it, adhering to peer pressure, and their love of trinkets, tokens, bumper stickers, medallions, etc. In AA they find the same familiar drinking buddies, alcohol fixation, and protection from families and spouses they formerly found in bars – with the additional excuse for their escape from responsibility covered as “working their program”.

The second group is the overly “Conscientious” individuals in Loevinger’s construct. These people find the same sort of escape from responsibility in AA that they formerly found in alcohol. They also, in addition to relaxing, can engage in low level mentoring, “sponsoring” in 12 Step lingo, and other community service opportunities that appeal to their need to atone for past drinking behaviors.

Between them, the Conformists and the Conscientious make a good fit and if it wasn’t for the third element AA would be a much more happy alliance.

But, unfortunately, the third group, the “Self-Protective” not only exist, but dominate. Low level con artists and predators, they have existed from AA’s earliest beginnings. Here they quickly found a willing group of self-anointed, and ever changing, victims to prey on emotionally, sexually, and financially.

Emulating Bill W., they have so permeated the program that for over 50 years their activities have been universally known as “13th Stepping.”

So, will AA and the 12 Steps work for you?

If you seek to continue an alcohol focused life, without enduring criticism, and you like the trappings, then the answer is possibly yes. Just beware of the men and women who will attempt to victimize you at every opportunity.

If you are looking to substitute community service and relaxation through mentoring – and protecting – for your drinking, then, again, you may find a niche in AA. God knows the lower level members need your protection.

And for those of you who are predators and you know who you are, please find other pastures for your grazing? Yes, we know that you find the unending supply of willing victims nearly irresistible – which is why you also create “treatment” programs – but how about picking on someone your own size for a change?

And if you’re not one of the 5% described here, or if you’re ready to grow up a bit, well give us a call. After all, you’re probably one of the 95% we help to put alcohol abuse behind, permanently, without steps, meetings, labels, groups, or exposure to con artists and charlatans.

Think about it. Then give us a call. 888-541-6350
Dr. Edward Wilson and Dr. Mary Ellen Barnes have developed alternative alcohol recovery and moderation programs since 1990. They are the co-founders of Your Empowering Solutions, Inc. Located in southern California, Y.E.S. provides private, individual, and confidential services to individuals, couples, and families. No “steps”, no groups, and no labels. Recovered, not “recovering.” Read more about their innovative, effective, affordable, and highly regarded work at http://www.non12step.com

Church of Jesus Christ LDS Temple Update www.lds.org Christian Temples